LaTeX之快速编译和删除中间文件

本文介绍了在 \(\LaTeX{}\) 中如何使用批处理文件和Makefile来实现快速编译和删除中间文件，保持工作目录的清爽整洁。

批处理文件

在Windows下可以使用批处理文件来处理，也可以使用Makefile(但需配置make环境)。这里为了操作简单性，在Windows下只介绍如何使用批处理文件来实现快速删除中间文件和快速编译。

快速删除中间文件（辅助文件）

步骤如下：

1. 新建文本文件命名为clean.bat；

2. 复制下面的代码放到文本文件中；

   @echo off
   echo Cleaning auxiliary files...
   del /s /q "*.aux" "*.log" "*.out" "*.bbl" "*.blg" "*.toc" "*.lof" "*.lot" "*.synctex.gz"
   echo Cleaning completed!
   pause
   

3. 将文件放入主文件（.tex）所在文件夹中，双击运行即可删除中间文件以及子文件夹中的中间文件。

快速编译并删除中间文件

步骤如下：

1. 新建文本文件命名为compile.bat；

2. 复制下面的代码放到文本文件中；

   @echo off
   :: ==============================================
   :: LaTeX Compile Automation Script (XeLaTeX + BibTeX)
   :: Usage: Drag and drop the .tex file onto this script or manually specify the file name
   :: ==============================================
   
   :: set variable
   set TEX_COMPILER=xelatex
   set BIB_COMPILER=bibtex
   set MAX_ATTEMPTS=3
   set LOG_EXTENSIONS=*.aux *.log *.out *.bbl *.blg *.toc *.lof *.lot *.synctex.gz
   
   :: Check whether the file is obtained by dragging
   if "%~1"=="" (
       echo Error: Please drag the .tex file onto this script or manually specify the file name
       pause
       exit /b 1
   )
   
   :: Extract the file name (without extension)
   set "TEX_FILE=%~1"
   set "BASE_NAME=%~n1"
   
   :: Compile function definition
   :compile
   echo.
   echo =============== Start Compiling... ===============
   echo Compiling document: %TEX_FILE%
   
   :: First XeLaTeX Compilation
   echo.
   echo [1/4] First %TEX_COMPILER% compiling...
   %TEX_COMPILER% -interaction=nonstopmode -synctex=1 "%BASE_NAME%.tex"
   if %ERRORLEVEL% neq 0 (
       echo Error: First %TEX_COMPILER% Compilation failed
       goto error_handling
   )
   
   :: BibTeX Compilation
   echo.
   echo [2/4] %BIB_COMPILER% compiling reference...
   %BIB_COMPILER% "%BASE_NAME%.aux"
   if %ERRORLEVEL% neq 0 (
       echo Warning: %BIB_COMPILER% There may be issues with the compilation (check the .blg file)
   )
   
   :: Second XeLaTeX Compilation
   echo.
   echo [3/4] Second %TEX_COMPILER% compiling...
   %TEX_COMPILER% -interaction=nonstopmode -synctex=1 "%BASE_NAME%.tex"
   if %ERRORLEVEL% neq 0 (
       echo Error: Second %TEX_COMPILER% Compilation failed
       goto error_handling
   )
   
   :: Third XeLaTeX Compilation (Ensure correct cross-referencing)
   echo.
   echo [4/4] Third %TEX_COMPILER% compiling...
   %TEX_COMPILER% -interaction=nonstopmode -synctex=1 "%BASE_NAME%.tex"
   if %ERRORLEVEL% neq 0 (
       echo Error: Third %TEX_COMPILER% Compilation failed
       goto error_handling
   )
   
   :: Cleaning auxiliary files (Optional)
   echo.
   echo Cleaning auxiliary files...
   del /s /q %LOG_EXTENSIONS% 2>nul
   
   :: Completed Successfully
   echo.
   echo =============== Compilation Completed Successfully ===============
   echo Final output file: %BASE_NAME%.pdf
   start "" "%BASE_NAME%.pdf"  :: Automatically open the generated PDF
   goto end
   
   :: Error Handling
   :error_handling
   set /a ATTEMPTS+=1
   if %ATTEMPTS% lss %MAX_ATTEMPTS% (
       echo.
       echo Attempting to fix the issue (attempt %ATTEMPTS%/3)...
       goto compile
   )
   
   echo.
   echo =============== Compilation Failed ===============
   echo After %MAX_ATTEMPTS% attempts, it has not been successful. Please check the logs:
   type "%BASE_NAME%.log" | more
   goto end
   
   :end
   pause
   

3. 将文件放入主文件（.tex）所在文件夹中，拖动主文件到该脚本上，或者命令行运行：compile.bat main.tex。

注意事项：TEX_COMPILER可更换为pdflatex或lualatex编译命令，且删除辅助文件的命令可选择删除掉，避免每次都需要重新生成中间文件浪费时间。

Makefile

常规编译方法

# 定义编译器
LATEX = xelatex
# 定义需要清理的辅助文件扩展名
AUX_FILES = *.aux *.log *.out *.toc *.lof *.lot *.bbl *.blg *.synctex.gz *.fls *.fdb_latexmk *.run.xml *.nav *.snm *.vrb *.bcf *.idx *.ilg *.ind *.xdv

# 获取当前目录下所有 .tex 文件（排除带空格的文件名）
TEX_FILES = $(wildcard *.tex)
PDF_FILES = $(TEX_FILES:.tex=.pdf)

# 默认目标：编译所有 .tex 文件
all: $(PDF_FILES)
	@echo "编译完成！"

# 模式规则：从 .tex 生成 .pdf
%.pdf: %.tex
	$(LATEX) -interaction=nonstopmode -halt-on-error $<
	#@# 如果有参考文献，运行 biber 或 bibtex
	#@if [ -f $(basename $<).bcf ]; then biber $(basename $<); fi
	#@if [ -f $(basename $<).aux ]; then bibtex $(basename $<); fi
	@# 第二次编译确保交叉引用正确
	$(LATEX) -interaction=nonstopmode -halt-on-error $<
	#@# 第三次编译确保所有引用稳定
	#$(LATEX) -interaction=nonstopmode -halt-on-error $<

# 清理所有辅助文件
clean:
	@echo "正在清理辅助文件..."
	@rm -f $(AUX_FILES)
	@echo "清理完成！"

# 编译并清理（常用目标）
build: all clean

.PHONY: all clean build

latexmk

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